What is the difference between direct intervention and covert intervention?!

4/29The dollar-yen exchange rate1990had, for the first time in 34 years160160yen threshold,surprisinglysurpassedyen, and thereafter there were movements that appeared to be dollar-selling and yen-buying interventions by the Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Japan(the BOJ,)hereafter referred to as the BOJ,with such actions pushing the dollar into the mid-150-yen range brieflybefore a sharp drop to around the mid-150s. Some observers speculated that the intervention was conducted directly without entrusting it to banks, and this article explains the differences between direct intervention and covert (covert) intervention as well as their effects, and predicts the future direction of the dollar-yen market.